mars.dataframe.DataFrame.plot.kde#

DataFrame.plot.kde(*args, **kwargs)#

Generate Kernel Density Estimate plot using Gaussian kernels.

In statistics, kernel density estimation (KDE) is a non-parametric way to estimate the probability density function (PDF) of a random variable. This function uses Gaussian kernels and includes automatic bandwidth determination.

Parameters

  • bw_method (str, scalar or callable, optional) – The method used to calculate the estimator bandwidth. This can be ‘scott’, ‘silverman’, a scalar constant or a callable. If None (default), ‘scott’ is used. See scipy.stats.gaussian_kde for more information.

  • ind (NumPy array or int, optional) – Evaluation points for the estimated PDF. If None (default), 1000 equally spaced points are used. If ind is a NumPy array, the KDE is evaluated at the points passed. If ind is an integer, ind number of equally spaced points are used.

  • **kwargs – Additional keyword arguments are documented in pandas.%(this-datatype)s.plot().

Return type

matplotlib.axes.Axes or numpy.ndarray of them

See also

scipy.stats.gaussian_kde

Representation of a kernel-density estimate using Gaussian kernels. This is the function used internally to estimate the PDF.

Examples

Given a Series of points randomly sampled from an unknown distribution, estimate its PDF using KDE with automatic bandwidth determination and plot the results, evaluating them at 1000 equally spaced points (default):

(Source code, png, hires.png, pdf)

../../../_images/mars-dataframe-DataFrame-plot-kde-1.png

A scalar bandwidth can be specified. Using a small bandwidth value can lead to over-fitting, while using a large bandwidth value may result in under-fitting:

(Source code, png, hires.png, pdf)

../../../_images/mars-dataframe-DataFrame-plot-kde-2.png

(Source code, png, hires.png, pdf)

../../../_images/mars-dataframe-DataFrame-plot-kde-3.png

Finally, the ind parameter determines the evaluation points for the plot of the estimated PDF:

(Source code, png, hires.png, pdf)

../../../_images/mars-dataframe-DataFrame-plot-kde-4.png

For DataFrame, it works in the same way:

(Source code, png, hires.png, pdf)

../../../_images/mars-dataframe-DataFrame-plot-kde-5.png

A scalar bandwidth can be specified. Using a small bandwidth value can lead to over-fitting, while using a large bandwidth value may result in under-fitting:

(Source code, png, hires.png, pdf)

../../../_images/mars-dataframe-DataFrame-plot-kde-6.png

(Source code, png, hires.png, pdf)

../../../_images/mars-dataframe-DataFrame-plot-kde-7.png

Finally, the ind parameter determines the evaluation points for the plot of the estimated PDF:

(Source code, png, hires.png, pdf)

../../../_images/mars-dataframe-DataFrame-plot-kde-8.png